{"title":"Longevity \u0026 Mitochondrial","description":"\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif;\"\u003eThis collection brings together the best peptides for longevity research in our Canadian catalog — compounds with documented activity across mitochondrial bioenergetics, cellular signaling, and age-associated metabolic decline.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","products":[{"product_id":"buy-mots-c-canada","title":"MOTS-c","description":"\u003ch2\u003e\u003cb\u003eBuy MOTS-c Canada — Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBuy MOTS-c in Canada as a research-grade mitochondria-derived peptide for cellular bioenergetics, AMPK signaling, and mitochondrial research designs. MOTS-c is a 16-amino-acid peptide encoded within the 12S rRNA region of mitochondrial DNA — one of only a handful of peptides known to originate from the mitochondrial genome rather than nuclear DNA. Identified in 2015 by Changhan Lee and colleagues at the USC Davis School of Gerontology, MOTS-c acts as a mitochondrial-nuclear retrograde signal that activates AMPK and shifts cellular substrate handling toward fatty acid oxidation. Each vial supplied by Emerald Peptides ships at ≥99% HPLC purity with mass-spec-verified identity, batch-specific certificate of analysis, and fast domestic Canadian shipping.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cb\u003eProduct Details\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eForm:\u003c\/b\u003e Lyophilized peptide\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eNet per vial:\u003c\/b\u003e 10 mg (filled to approximately 104% of label)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003ePurity:\u003c\/b\u003e ≥99% (HPLC-verified)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eIdentity:\u003c\/b\u003e MS-verified (per COA)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eStorage:\u003c\/b\u003e 2–8 °C, protect from light\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eFormula \/ M.W.:\u003c\/b\u003e C₁₀₁H₁₅₂N₂₈O₂₂S₂ \/ 2174.64 Da\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eCAS:\u003c\/b\u003e 1627580-64-6\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhat Makes MOTS-c a Unique Compound\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMOTS-c was identified in 2015 by Changhan Lee and colleagues in the Pinchas Cohen laboratory at the USC Davis School of Gerontology, with the original characterization published in Cell Metabolism. Its discovery extended the small but growing class of mitochondrial-derived peptides — a category that began with humanin in 2001 — and challenged the long-held view that the 12S rRNA gene region produced no functional peptides.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhat distinguishes MOTS-c from other research compounds is its origin. Unlike nuclear-encoded peptides translated within the cell's main protein-synthesis machinery, MOTS-c's coding sequence sits inside mitochondrial DNA, with translation occurring in the cytoplasm using the standard genetic code. The first 11 residues are highly conserved across 14 species, suggesting strong evolutionary pressure on its function. This combination — mitochondrial origin, cross-species conservation, AMPK-pathway activity — gives researchers a unique tool for probing the bioenergetic-signaling axis between mitochondria and the rest of the cell.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cb\u003eKey Benefits\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eInsulin Sensitivity \u0026amp; Glucose Metabolism —\u003c\/b\u003e Published animal studies have reported improved skeletal muscle glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity following MOTS-c administration, with mechanistic work attributing the effect to AMPK pathway activation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eAdiposity \u0026amp; Body Composition —\u003c\/b\u003e Rodent studies of high-fat-diet-induced obesity have measured reductions in body fat mass and improved metabolic parameters in MOTS-c-treated cohorts, generating sustained interest in the peptide as a research tool for metabolic-syndrome models.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eExercise Mimetic \u0026amp; Endurance —\u003c\/b\u003e MOTS-c is upregulated in response to exercise, and rodent endurance studies have reported improved running capacity and metabolic flexibility in treated animals — supporting its characterization as an endogenous exercise mimetic.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eAging \u0026amp; Longevity —\u003c\/b\u003e Plasma MOTS-c levels decline with age in published human and animal data, and mid-life administration in mouse models has been examined for effects on healthspan markers, drawing interest from longevity research groups.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eMitochondrial Bioenergetics —\u003c\/b\u003e As a mitochondrial-nuclear retrograde signal, MOTS-c serves as a research handle on inter-organelle communication, with studies measuring effects on substrate oxidation, mitochondrial biogenesis markers, and bioenergetic flexibility.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cb\u003eRelated Peptides\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers working with MOTS-c often investigate it alongside:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/emeraldpeptides.ca\/products\/buy-ss-31\" title=\"View SS-31 Product Page\"\u003eSS-31\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e — Tetrapeptide that targets cardiolipin on the inner mitochondrial membrane; complements MOTS-c's signaling activity with a structural mitochondrial-stabilization mechanism, and pairs with both compounds in our Mito Stack (see below).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/emeraldpeptides.ca\/products\/nad-plus\" title=\"View NAD+ Product Page\"\u003eNAD+\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e — Mitochondrial cofactor central to sirtuin signaling and redox balance; the third compound in the Mito Stack and a frequent companion in bioenergetics research designs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/emeraldpeptides.ca\/products\/mots-c-ss31-nad-stack\" title=\"View Mito Stack Product Page\"\u003eMito Stack\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e — Combined MOTS-c + SS-31 + NAD+ research blend for groups studying mitochondrial function across signaling, structural, and cofactor mechanisms in parallel.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cb\u003eFrequently Asked Questions\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhere can researchers buy MOTS-c in Canada with verified purity documentation?\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOur MOTS-c ships to Canadian research labs and independent investigators with a batch-specific certificate of analysis confirming ≥99% HPLC purity and mass-spec identity verification. Vials are filled to approximately 104% of the labeled 10 mg as a quality margin for residual losses during reconstitution work, and ship from within Canada to avoid border-related cold-chain interruptions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cb\u003eHow is MOTS-c different from SS-31?\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBoth are mitochondrial-focused peptides but engage entirely different mechanisms. MOTS-c is a 16-amino-acid signaling peptide encoded within mitochondrial DNA; it activates AMPK and acts as a mitochondrial-nuclear retrograde messenger. SS-31 (elamipretide) is a synthetic tetrapeptide that binds cardiolipin on the inner mitochondrial membrane to stabilize cristae structure and reduce reactive oxygen species production. Many research designs use them together to address mitochondrial function from both signaling and structural angles.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cb\u003eIs MOTS-c naturally occurring?\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYes. MOTS-c is endogenous in humans and most mammals, encoded by the MT-RNR1 gene within the mitochondrial 12S rRNA region. It is detectable in plasma in both rodents and humans, with levels that decline with age. The synthetic peptide sold for research is sequence-identical to the endogenous form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhat is the evidence base for MOTS-c?\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSince the original 2015 Cell Metabolism characterization, the published literature has expanded to cover insulin sensitivity, body composition, exercise capacity, aging biomarkers, and inflammatory and host-defense functions. Animal model data are well-developed across rodent systems. Human clinical data remain limited, with most evidence drawn from preclinical work and observational studies of endogenous MOTS-c levels.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e⚠️\u003cem\u003e For research use only. Not intended for human or veterinary use. Not a drug, food, or supplement.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Emerald Peptides","offers":[{"title":"10mg","offer_id":45745410736265,"sku":null,"price":59.99,"currency_code":"CAD","in_stock":true},{"title":"6 x 10mg","offer_id":45745410769033,"sku":null,"price":319.99,"currency_code":"CAD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 x 10mg (one box)","offer_id":45745410801801,"sku":null,"price":499.99,"currency_code":"CAD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0760\/3424\/4745\/files\/mots-c-10mg-peptide-canada_standardized_0761b4f8-19c9-40f5-a0fc-c60fce134492.png?v=1778370793"},{"product_id":"mots-c-ss31-nad-stack","title":"Mito Stack (MOTS-c + SS-31 + NAD+)","description":"\u003ch2\u003e\u003cb\u003eMOTS-c + SS-31 + NAD+ Stack — The Mito Stack Blend\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe Mito Stack combines MOTS-c, SS-31, and NAD+ into a single matched-batch research kit for three-layer mitochondrial bioenergetics research designs. This MOTS-c SS-31 NAD+ stack addresses mitochondrial biology at three distinct levels — MOTS-c provides signaling-layer intervention through AMPK activation, SS-31 provides structural-layer intervention through cardiolipin binding and cristae stabilization, and NAD+ provides biochemical-layer intervention as the cofactor underlying sirtuin signaling and electron transport chain operation. All three compounds in the stack ship at ≥99% HPLC purity with mass-spec-verified identity, separate batch-specific certificates of analysis, and fast domestic Canadian shipping.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cb\u003eProduct Details\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eForm:\u003c\/b\u003e Three lyophilized compounds, supplied as a kit\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eNet per kit:\u003c\/b\u003e 10 mg MOTS-c + 10 mg SS-31 + 600 mg NAD+ (each filled to approximately 104% of label)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003ePurity:\u003c\/b\u003e ≥99% (HPLC-verified, all components)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eIdentity:\u003c\/b\u003e MS-verified per COA (all components)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eStorage:\u003c\/b\u003e 2–8 °C, protect from light; long-term NAD+ storage at −20 °C\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eComponents:\u003c\/b\u003e See individual product pages for full sequence, formula, MW, and CAS data\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhat Makes the Mito Stack a Unique Combination\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe MOTS-c SS-31 NAD+ stack reflects a deliberate stratification across the three principal layers of mitochondrial biology that researchers commonly investigate. MOTS-c addresses the signaling layer — communicating bioenergetic status from mitochondria to the nucleus and activating AMPK as a master energy-sensing kinase. SS-31 addresses the structural layer — binding cardiolipin on the inner mitochondrial membrane and stabilizing cristae morphology in compromised mitochondria. NAD+ addresses the biochemical layer — cycling between oxidized and reduced forms in redox reactions and serving as a consumed substrate for sirtuins, PARPs, and CD38.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis three-layer separation gives research groups clean mechanistic resolution. Rather than three compounds with overlapping modes of action, each operates at a distinct level of mitochondrial biology, allowing experimental designs to probe signaling, structural, and cofactor contributions in the same model system. The combination matches the modern mitochondrial-research literature, where studies frequently address all three layers simultaneously to characterize bioenergetic phenotypes in aging, metabolic, and cardiac models. As a longevity peptide stack Canada-shipped from a single supply point with matched batch documentation, the Mito Stack simplifies the documentation chain for laboratories operating under quality-control protocols.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cb\u003eKey Benefits\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eThree-Layer Mitochondrial Investigation —\u003c\/b\u003e The combination allows research designs to address signaling (MOTS-c \/ AMPK), structural (SS-31 \/ cardiolipin), and biochemical (NAD+ \/ redox and sirtuin) mechanisms simultaneously, with each compound serving a distinct role in the same model system.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eAging \u0026amp; Longevity Research —\u003c\/b\u003e All three compounds connect to age-associated mitochondrial decline. MOTS-c plasma levels decline with age in published human and animal data. SS-31 has been studied in aged-rodent skeletal muscle and cardiac models. NAD+ tissue levels decline progressively with age. Combined research designs build on three independent literatures within longevity research.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eCardiac Bioenergetics —\u003c\/b\u003e Rodent ischemia-reperfusion models have separately characterized SS-31's effects on infarct size and mitochondrial respiration. NAD+ has been examined in heart failure and cardiometabolic models. MOTS-c has been studied for metabolic effects relevant to cardiac substrate handling. The stack supports research designs combining all three.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eInsulin Sensitivity \u0026amp; Metabolic Models —\u003c\/b\u003e MOTS-c activates AMPK to improve skeletal muscle glucose uptake. SS-31 has been characterized in type 2 diabetes models for effects on oxidative stress and ER stress. NAD+ has documented effects in rodent obesity and NAFLD models. The combination addresses metabolic dysfunction from three angles.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eReactive Oxygen Species \u0026amp; Redox Biology —\u003c\/b\u003e SS-31 reduces mitochondrial ROS production via cardiolipin binding. NAD+ governs cellular redox state through NAD+\/NADH cycling. MOTS-c has been characterized for effects on antioxidant pathways through AMPK-mediated transcription. Combined research designs cover redox biology across structural and biochemical layers.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cb\u003eRelated Peptides\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers working with the Mito Stack often investigate it alongside:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/emeraldpeptides.ca\/products\/buy-mots-c-canada\" title=\"View MOTS-c Product Page\"\u003eMOTS-c\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e — Available as a single-compound vial for research designs requiring MOTS-c alone or at non-stack ratios.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/emeraldpeptides.ca\/products\/buy-ss-31\" title=\"View SS-31 Product Page\"\u003eSS-31\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e — Available as a single-compound vial for research designs requiring SS-31 alone or at non-stack ratios.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/emeraldpeptides.ca\/products\/nad-plus\" title=\"View NAD+ Product Page\"\u003eNAD+\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e — Available as a single-compound vial for research designs requiring NAD+ alone or at non-stack ratios.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cb\u003eFrequently Asked Questions\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhere can researchers buy the MOTS-c SS-31 NAD+ stack in Canada with verified purity?\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOur Mito Stack ships to Canadian research labs and independent investigators with three batch-specific certificates of analysis — one per component — confirming ≥99% HPLC purity and mass-spec identity verification for MOTS-c, SS-31, and NAD+. Each vial is filled to approximately 104% of label as a quality margin for residual losses during reconstitution work, and orders dispatch from within Canada to avoid border-related cold-chain interruptions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cb\u003eHow are MOTS-c, SS-31, and NAD+ different from each other mechanistically?\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMOTS-c is a 16-amino-acid mitochondria-derived peptide that activates AMPK and acts as a signaling molecule between mitochondria and the nucleus — a regulatory mechanism. SS-31 is a synthetic tetrapeptide that binds cardiolipin on the inner mitochondrial membrane to stabilize cristae structure and reduce ROS production — a structural mechanism. NAD+ is a pyridine dinucleotide coenzyme that participates in redox cycling and serves as a consumed substrate for sirtuins, PARPs, and CD38 — a biochemical mechanism. The three compounds operate at different levels of mitochondrial biology.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhy combine these three compounds in a single research kit?\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe combination matches how mitochondrial-research designs are typically structured. Studies of mitochondrial dysfunction in aging, cardiac disease, metabolic syndrome, and neurodegeneration often address signaling, structural, and biochemical layers simultaneously — because dysfunction at one layer typically propagates to the others. A single kit gives research groups all three reference compounds with matched batch documentation, simplifying experimental designs that probe parallel mechanisms.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cb\u003eIs NAD+ a peptide?\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo. NAD+ is a pyridine dinucleotide coenzyme — two nucleotides linked through their phosphate groups, not assembled from amino acids. It is included in the Mito Stack and catalogued alongside research peptides because of its central role in mitochondrial bioenergetics and its frequent appearance in research designs alongside MOTS-c and SS-31. Many suppliers serving the mitochondrial research domain carry both peptide and non-peptide compounds in this category.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e⚠️ \u003cem\u003eFor research use only. Not intended for human or veterinary use. Not a drug, food, or supplement.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Emerald Peptides","offers":[{"title":"10mg\/10mg\/600mg (one vial)","offer_id":46211113713801,"sku":null,"price":164.99,"currency_code":"CAD","in_stock":false},{"title":"6 x 10mg\/10mg\/600mg","offer_id":46211113746569,"sku":null,"price":899.99,"currency_code":"CAD","in_stock":false},{"title":"10 x 10mg\/10mg\/600mg (one box)","offer_id":46211113779337,"sku":null,"price":1369.99,"currency_code":"CAD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0760\/3424\/4745\/files\/mots-c-ss-31-nad_-mito-stack-peptide-canada_standardized_7a60a455-0cdf-4180-aa0a-b728c3f5e20c.png?v=1778371936"},{"product_id":"nad-plus","title":"NAD+","description":"\u003ch2\u003e\u003cb\u003eNAD+ – \u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003eβ-Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBuy NAD+ in Canada as a research-grade β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide for cellular bioenergetics, sirtuin biology, DNA damage response, and mitochondrial research designs. NAD+ is a pyridine dinucleotide coenzyme that operates as both an electron acceptor in cellular respiration and a substrate for sirtuin deacetylases, PARP enzymes, and CD38. Tissue NAD+ levels decline progressively with age, making the compound central to aging research and the broader field of cellular bioenergetics. Each vial supplied by Emerald Peptides ships at ≥99% HPLC purity with mass-spec-verified identity, batch-specific certificate of analysis, and fast domestic Canadian shipping.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cb\u003eProduct Details\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eForm:\u003c\/b\u003e Lyophilized free acid\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eNet per vial:\u003c\/b\u003e 600 mg (filled to approximately 104% of label)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003ePurity:\u003c\/b\u003e ≥99% (HPLC-verified)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eIdentity:\u003c\/b\u003e MS-verified (per COA)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eStorage:\u003c\/b\u003e 2–8 °C, protect from light; long-term storage at −20 °C\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eFormula \/ M.W.:\u003c\/b\u003e C₂₁H₂₇N₇O₁₄P₂ \/ 663.43 Da\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eCAS:\u003c\/b\u003e 53-84-9\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhat Makes NAD+ a Unique Compound\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNAD+ was first identified in 1906 by Arthur Harden and William Young as a low-molecular-weight cofactor in boiled yeast extracts, and was subsequently linked to pellagra prevention through niacin metabolism by Conrad Elvehjem in 1937. The molecule's structural simplicity — two nucleotides linked through their phosphate groups — masks an extraordinary biological reach: NAD+ participates in hundreds of enzymatic reactions across all known living cells.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhat distinguishes NAD+ in current research is its dual identity as both a redox cofactor and a consumed substrate. The redox cycling between NAD+ and NADH supports oxidative phosphorylation and ATP synthesis. Separately, NAD+ is consumed by sirtuin deacetylases, PARP enzymes during DNA damage response, and CD38 during cyclic ADP-ribose signaling. This consumption-versus-recycling distinction is central to the modern NAD+ literature — researchers studying age-related NAD+ decline focus on the balance between salvage-pathway synthesis and consuming-enzyme demand. Research groups examining mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic syndrome, and aging frequently use NAD+ as a tool compound to probe sirtuin-pathway biology and bioenergetic regulation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cb\u003eKey Benefits\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eMitochondrial Bioenergetics —\u003c\/b\u003e NAD+ serves as the primary electron acceptor in glycolysis, the TCA cycle, and fatty acid oxidation, making it a foundational tool compound in studies of cellular energy metabolism and mitochondrial function across in vitro and in vivo models.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eSirtuin Pathway Activation —\u003c\/b\u003e Sirtuins (SIRT1–SIRT7) consume NAD+ to deacetylate histone and non-histone protein substrates, and NAD+ availability is the rate-limiting input for sirtuin activity. Published research has used NAD+ to probe sirtuin-mediated regulation of metabolic, longevity, and stress-response pathways.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDNA Damage Response \u0026amp; PARP Activity —\u003c\/b\u003e Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases consume large quantities of NAD+ during DNA damage response signaling. Research groups studying genotoxic stress, chemotherapy response, and aging-associated DNA damage frequently incorporate NAD+ as a substrate in cell-based and animal designs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eAging \u0026amp; Longevity —\u003c\/b\u003e Published human and animal data document age-associated declines in tissue NAD+ levels, with replenishment strategies in rodent models linked to improvements in mitochondrial function, insulin sensitivity, and physical performance markers in aged cohorts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eMetabolic \u0026amp; Cardiometabolic Models —\u003c\/b\u003e NAD+ supplementation in rodent models of obesity, insulin resistance, and NAFLD has been examined for effects on glucose homeostasis, hepatic lipid handling, and inflammatory markers, generating sustained interest in NAD+ as a research tool for cardiometabolic-pathway investigation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cb\u003eRelated Peptides\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers working with NAD+ often investigate it alongside:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003ca title=\"View MOTS-c Product Page\" href=\"https:\/\/emeraldpeptides.ca\/products\/buy-mots-c-canada\"\u003eMOTS-c\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e — Mitochondria-derived peptide studied for insulin sensitivity and exercise-mimetic activity; frequently co-investigated with NAD+ in mitochondrial health and metabolic research.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/emeraldpeptides.ca\/products\/buy-retatrutide-canada\" title=\"View Retatrutide Product Page\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRetatrutide (GLP-3)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e \u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e— Cardiometabolic research designs increasingly pair NAD+ with incretin-class compounds like Retaturide.\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003ca title=\"View SS-31 Product Page\" href=\"https:\/\/emeraldpeptides.ca\/products\/buy-ss-31\"\u003eSS-31\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e — Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant peptide studied for cardioprotection and mitochondrial membrane stabilization; co-formulated with NAD+ and MOTS-c in the Mito Stack.\u003cb\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003ca title=\"View Mito Stack Product Page\" href=\"https:\/\/emeraldpeptides.ca\/products\/mots-c-ss31-nad-stack\"\u003eMito Stack\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e — Combined MOTS-c + SS-31 + NAD+ research blend for groups studying mitochondrial function across signaling, structural, and cofactor mechanisms in parallel.\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cb\u003eFrequently Asked Questions\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhy are we considered among the best places to buy peptides Canada — including NAD+?\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers source from us for three reasons: every batch is HPLC-tested to ≥99% purity with MS-verified identity, every vial ships with a batch-specific certificate of analysis, and orders dispatch from within Canada to avoid border-related cold-chain interruptions. NAD+ vials are filled to approximately 104% of the labeled 600 mg as a quality margin for residual losses during reconstitution.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cb\u003eIs NAD+ a peptide?\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo. NAD+ is a pyridine dinucleotide coenzyme — two nucleotides linked through their phosphate groups, with one bearing a nicotinamide base and the other an adenine base. It is not a peptide and is not assembled from amino acids. It is catalogued alongside research peptides because of its significant overlap with peptide research in mitochondrial, metabolic, and longevity work, and because suppliers serving those research domains typically carry both classes of compound.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cb\u003eHow does NAD+ differ from NMN or NR?\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNAD+ is the active coenzyme used directly in cellular reactions. NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide) and NR (nicotinamide riboside) are precursors that cells convert into NAD+ through the salvage pathway. Research designs use the precursors when targeting endogenous synthesis pathways and use NAD+ directly when probing redox biology, sirtuin substrate kinetics, or PARP-pathway research.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhat is the evidence base for NAD+ research?\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe NAD+ literature spans more than a century, beginning with Harden and Young's 1906 yeast extract work. Modern interest accelerated after sirtuin biology was characterized in the 2000s and after Imai, Sinclair, and others linked NAD+ decline to age-related metabolic dysfunction. Published research now spans biochemistry, mitochondrial bioenergetics, longevity, neurodegeneration, cardiometabolic, and DNA damage response domains across cell, animal, and human study designs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e⚠️ \u003cem\u003eFor research use only. Not intended for human or veterinary use. Not a drug, food, or supplement.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Emerald Peptides","offers":[{"title":"600mg","offer_id":46211766681737,"sku":null,"price":109.99,"currency_code":"CAD","in_stock":true},{"title":"6 x 600mg","offer_id":46211766714505,"sku":null,"price":599.0,"currency_code":"CAD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 x 100mg (one box)","offer_id":46211766747273,"sku":null,"price":849.99,"currency_code":"CAD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0760\/3424\/4745\/files\/nad_-600mg-peptide-canada_standardized.png?v=1778370424"},{"product_id":"buy-ss-31","title":"SS-31","description":"\u003ch2\u003e\u003cb\u003eBuy SS-31 Canada — Mitochondria-Targeted Tetrapeptide\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBuy SS-31 in Canada as a research-grade mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide for cardiolipin binding, mitochondrial structural integrity, and bioenergetics research designs. SS-31 (also known as elamipretide) is a synthetic aromatic-cationic tetrapeptide developed in the early 2000s by Hazel Szeto and Peter Schiller at Cornell University and the Clinical Research Institute of Montreal. The compound binds cardiolipin on the inner mitochondrial membrane and stabilizes cristae structure, with downstream effects on electron transport chain efficiency and reactive oxygen species reduction. Each vial supplied by Emerald Peptides ships at ≥99% HPLC purity with mass-spec-verified identity, batch-specific certificate of analysis, and fast domestic Canadian shipping.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cb\u003eProduct Details\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eForm:\u003c\/b\u003e Lyophilized peptide\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eNet per vial:\u003c\/b\u003e 10 mg (filled to approximately 104% of label)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003ePurity:\u003c\/b\u003e ≥99% (HPLC-verified)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eIdentity:\u003c\/b\u003e MS-verified (per COA)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eStorage:\u003c\/b\u003e 2–8 °C, protect from light\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eFormula \/ M.W.:\u003c\/b\u003e C₃₂H₄₉N₉O₅ \/ 639.8 Da\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eCAS:\u003c\/b\u003e 736992-21-5\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhat Makes SS-31 a Unique Compound\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSS-31 was developed in the early 2000s by Hazel Szeto and Peter Schiller as part of a research program at Cornell University and the Clinical Research Institute of Montreal aimed at producing cell-permeable peptide antioxidants. The Szeto-Schiller series introduced an alternating aromatic-cationic motif that allowed the peptides to cross plasma and mitochondrial membranes without requiring active transport — a defining property that distinguishes them from earlier mitochondrial-targeted compounds.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhat sets SS-31 apart from other mitochondrial research tools is its mechanism of localization. Unlike triphenylphosphonium-based mitochondrial targeting strategies that rely on membrane potential, SS-31 binds cardiolipin directly and concentrates in the inner mitochondrial membrane independent of bioenergetic state. This makes it a reliable tool in research models where mitochondrial membrane potential is compromised — including ischemia-reperfusion, heart failure, and tafazzin-deficient cardiolipin-remodeling systems where conventional mitochondrial probes fail.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cb\u003eKey Benefits\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eCardiolipin Stabilization \u0026amp; Cristae Structure —\u003c\/b\u003e Published cell and animal studies have measured SS-31-driven preservation of cristae morphology and cardiolipin content in mitochondrial dysfunction models, with mechanistic work pointing to direct cardiolipin binding via the peptide's aromatic-cationic motif.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eReactive Oxygen Species Reduction —\u003c\/b\u003e SS-31 inhibits cardiolipin peroxidation and reduces mitochondrial ROS production in oxidative stress models, supporting its use as a reference tool in research designs probing redox-balance and antioxidant pathway biology.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eCardiac Ischemia-Reperfusion —\u003c\/b\u003e Preclinical work in rodent cardiac IR injury has reported reduced infarct size and preserved mitochondrial respiration in SS-31-treated cohorts, making the peptide a frequently cited tool in cardiac bioenergetics research.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eSkeletal Muscle Bioenergetics —\u003c\/b\u003e Aged-rodent studies have measured improvements in skeletal muscle ATP production, exercise tolerance, and fatigue resistance following SS-31 exposure, generating sustained interest in the peptide for mitochondrial-myopathy and aging-muscle research.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eRenal \u0026amp; Neural Mitochondrial Research —\u003c\/b\u003e Published animal models of renal ischemia, atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis, and neurodegeneration have characterized SS-31's effects on mitochondrial function in non-cardiac tissue, expanding its utility as a tool compound across multiple research domains.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cb\u003eRelated Peptides\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers working with SS-31 often investigate it alongside:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/emeraldpeptides.ca\/products\/buy-retatrutide-canada\" title=\"View Retatrutide Product Page\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRetatrutide (GLP-3)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e \u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e — SS-31's documented T2D research overlaps with the glycemic-endpoint literature for Retatrutide.\u003cb\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/emeraldpeptides.ca\/products\/buy-mots-c-canada\" title=\"View MOTS-c Product Page\"\u003eMOTS-c\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e — Mitochondria-derived signaling peptide that activates AMPK; complements SS-31's structural cardiolipin-stabilization mechanism with a signaling-pathway angle, and pairs with both compounds in our Mito Stack (see below). \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/emeraldpeptides.ca\/products\/nad-plus\" title=\"View NAD+ Product Page\"\u003eNAD+\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e — Mitochondrial cofactor central to sirtuin signaling and redox balance; the third compound in the Mito Stack and a frequent companion in bioenergetics research designs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/emeraldpeptides.ca\/products\/mots-c-ss31-nad-stack\" title=\"View Mito Stack Product Page\"\u003eMito Stack\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e — Combined MOTS-c + SS-31 + NAD+ research blend for groups studying mitochondrial function across signaling, structural, and cofactor mechanisms in parallel.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cb\u003eFrequently Asked Questions\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhere can I buy SS-31 in Canada with verified purity?\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOur SS-31 ships to Canadian research labs and independent investigators with a batch-specific certificate of analysis confirming ≥99% HPLC purity and mass-spec identity verification. Vials are filled to approximately 104% of the labeled 10 mg as a quality margin for residual losses during reconstitution work, and ship from within Canada to avoid border-related cold-chain interruptions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cb\u003eHow is SS-31 different from MOTS-c?\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBoth are mitochondria-focused peptides but engage entirely different mechanisms. SS-31 is a synthetic tetrapeptide that binds cardiolipin on the inner mitochondrial membrane to stabilize cristae structure and reduce ROS production — a structural mechanism. MOTS-c is a 16-amino-acid mitochondria-derived peptide that activates AMPK and acts as a mitochondrial-nuclear retrograde signal — a signaling mechanism. Many research designs use them together to address mitochondrial function from both structural and signaling angles.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cb\u003eIs SS-31 naturally occurring?\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo. SS-31 is fully synthetic, designed by Szeto and Schiller as part of a structure-activity program targeting mitochondrial peptide antioxidants. The aromatic-cationic motif and the inclusion of D-arginine and 2',6'-dimethyltyrosine are deliberately non-natural, conferring both protease resistance and the cardiolipin-binding selectivity that defines the compound.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhat is the evidence base for SS-31?\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe published preclinical literature spans more than two decades and covers cardiac ischemia-reperfusion, heart failure, mitochondrial myopathy, renal ischemia, neurodegeneration, type 2 diabetes, and aging-related muscle dysfunction across cell, rodent, and large-animal models. Clinical trials have been conducted under the development codes elamipretide and MTP-131 in cardiomyopathy, mitochondrial myopathy, and Barth syndrome populations, providing a substantial human pharmacokinetic and safety dataset.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e⚠️ \u003cem\u003eFor research use only. Not intended for human or veterinary use. Not a drug, food, or supplement.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Emerald Peptides","offers":[{"title":"10mg","offer_id":46211938615433,"sku":null,"price":59.99,"currency_code":"CAD","in_stock":true},{"title":"6 x 10mg","offer_id":46211938648201,"sku":null,"price":329.99,"currency_code":"CAD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 x 10mg (one box)","offer_id":46211938680969,"sku":null,"price":489.99,"currency_code":"CAD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0760\/3424\/4745\/files\/ss-31-10mg-peptide-canada_standardized_dba7d997-92cc-4750-a55f-9f8f9fa5f3f2.png?v=1778372064"}],"url":"https:\/\/emeraldpeptides.ca\/collections\/best-peptides-for-longevity.oembed","provider":"Emerald Peptides","version":"1.0","type":"link"}